After his successful military campaigns, especially the conquest of Gaul, Julius Caesar became extremely powerful and popular in Rome.

Caesar's increasing power led to political rivalries and tensions with other prominent Roman figures, including Pompey the Great and members of the Roman Senate.

(49 BC): Caesar defied the Senate's order to disband his army, crossing the Rubicon River with his troops, which was considered an act of war against Rome.

(49-45 BC): This led to a civil war between Caesar and Pompey, which Caesar eventually won, effectively making him the most powerful man in Rome.

(46-44 BC): Caesar was appointed as Dictator of Rome, initially for a period of ten years and later for life, concentrating power in his hands.

Many senators feared that Caesar aimed to become a king, which was unacceptable in the Roman Republic. They believed his power threatened their own authority and the republican traditions of Rome.

A group of senators, including Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius, formed a conspiracy to assassinate Caesar and restore the Republic.